Magnolia Grove (Greensboro, Alabama)

Magnolia Grove
Front elevation of Magnolia Grove in 2010, by Carol M. Highsmith
Location: W end of Main St., Greensboro, Alabama, United States
Built: 1840
Architectural style: Greek Revival
Governing body: Alabama Historical Commission
NRHP Reference#: 73000345[1]
Added to NRHP: April 11, 1973

Magnolia Grove is a historic Greek Revival mansion in Greensboro, Alabama.[1] The house was named for the 15-acre (6.1 ha) grove of Southern magnolias in which it stands. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1973, due to its architectural and historical significance.[1] It now serves as a historic house museum and is operated by the Alabama Historical Commission.[2]

Contents

History

Magnolia Grove was built in 1840 for Isaac Croom and his wife, Sarah Pearson Croom.[2][3] Croom was a lawyer and planter from Lenoir County, North Carolina and one of the contributing founders of The University of the South at Sewanee.[3][4] Sarah was the sister of Richmond Mumford Pearson, a prominent pro-Union politician and Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court.

Isaac Croom died in 1863, with Sarah following him in 1878. They left no living children, so the estate passed to Sarah C. Pearson, the daughter of Richmond Mumford Pearson. Sarah Pearson married to James M. Hobson, also of North Carolina. James Hobson would eventually serve as probate judge of Hale County for over twenty years. The Hobson family moved to Greensboro and raised four sons and three daughters at Magnolia Grove.

The Hobson's most famous offspring was Richmond Pearson Hobson, a naval hero of the Spanish-American War who would later serve as a U.S. Representative from Alabama.[2] He was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1933 for his actions aboard the USS Merrimac during the Spanish-American War and in 1934, by special act of the United States Congress, he was advanced to Naval Constructor with a rank of Rear Admiral.[5]

Hobson resigned from active naval duty in 1903 to begin a career as a Democratic U.S. Representative from Alabama. He served from March 4, 1907 until March 3, 1915, and during that time proposed more than 20 constitutional amendments to ban alcohol.[6] He was denied the Democratic nomination in 1916 to the 65th Congress. He then organized the American Alcohol Education Association in 1921, organized the International Narcotic Education Association in 1923, organized the World Conference on Narcotic Education in 1926, and founded the World Narcotic Defense Association in 1927.[5] These activities have caused some to label him as the "Father of American Prohibition."[6]

On January 22, 1942, the Gleaves-class destroyer, USS Hobson, was commissioned in his honor posthumously.[7] Magnolia Grove was dedicated as a state shrine in his honor on May 1, 1947.[3]

Architecture

Magnolia Grove is a relatively rare Alabama example of a full-scale pedimented temple-form house in the Greek Revival style.[8] It is a two-story masonry structure, built in handmade brick. The front facade is stuccoed, including the pediment. The sides and rear are left with the brick face exposed.[3]

The front facade features a monumental hexastyle portico with Doric columns. These support a plain entablature with a simple molding dividing the architrave and frieze. Above a simple cornice, the unadorned pediment is framed by horizontal and raking geisons. Behind the portico, the building is divided into a five bay facade. The central bay is occupied by doorways on both floors, with simply molded windows occupying the remaining bays to either side. Both door surrounds are Greek Revival, these are inset with double doors, surrounded by sidelights and topped by a transom. The upper doorway opens onto a cantilevered balcony. The lower windows are floor-to-ceiling and open onto the portico, while the upper windows are six-over-six. The rear of the building also has a two-story portico, but here it is supported by six slender cast-iron columns.[3]

The interior features plaster cornice moldings and Greek Revival door and window surrounds. Both floors are evenly divided by a central hall running from front to back. The first floor contains a parlor, living room, dining room, and study. A separate two-story brick building to the rear of the main house contained the original kitchen and servant's quarters. A cantilevered staircase with mahogany treads and railing climbs from the rear of the hall to the second floor. This level contains a central hall and four bedrooms.[3]

Gallery
Entrance hall  
Plasterwork ceiling medallion in entrance hall  
Parlor  
Library with name placard from the USS Merrimac, the ship scuttled as a harbor blockship by Hobson  
Dining room  
Detached kitchen and cook's house  
Detached office  
Servant house  

References

  1. ^ a b c "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
  2. ^ a b c "Magnolia Grove". Alabama Historical Commission. 17 December 2008. http://www.preserveala.org/magnoliagrove.aspx?sm=g_k. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f Hammond, Ralph (1951). Ante-bellum mansions of Alabama. New York: Architectural Book Company. pp. 127–131. ISBN 0517020750. 
  4. ^ Hudson, Henry Norman (1857). The American Church Monthly. New York: Published for the proprietor, by Edward P. Allen. p. 238. http://books.google.com/books?id=XdkRAAAAYAAJ. 
  5. ^ a b "Hobson, Richmond Pearson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000667. Retrieved 18 December 2008. 
  6. ^ a b Ramsey, Bob (November 1995). "Captain Hobson - The Father of American Prohibition". Schaffer Library of Drug Policy. http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/people/hobson/captain_hobson.htm. Retrieved 19 December 2008. 
  7. ^ "Constructor Richmond Pearson Hobson". The Spanish American War Centennial Website. http://www.spanamwar.com/hobson.htm. Retrieved 18 December 2008. 
  8. ^ Gamble, Robert (1990). Historic architecture in Alabama: a guide to styles and types, 1810-1930. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press. p. 58. ISBN 0817311343. http://books.google.com/books?id=xre7Dg44C3UC. 

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